Pneumonia vaccination in at-risk diabetic and geriatric populations

A review of pharmacist interventions

This study aimed to review existing literature to identify effective interventions that improve
pneumonia vaccination rates among high-risk groups, specifically individuals aged 65 and older
and adults with diabetes aged 19 and above. Pneumonia significantly impacts healthcare costs
and is a leading cause of hospitalization, with bacterial pneumonia prevention primarily achieved
through vaccination. While children routinely receive pneumococcal vaccines,
adults—particularly those over 65 and immunocompromised individuals like diabetics—require
an additional dose to maintain immunity. Approximately 11.7% of Americans live with diabetes,
with around 1.2 million new cases diagnosed annually. Despite this, vaccination uptake remains
suboptimal; prior studies reveal only 22.2% of immunocompromised patients and 65% of elderly
populations have received the necessary booster dose.
The literature underscores that targeted interventions, especially involving pharmacists, can
significantly boost vaccination rates. Pharmacist-led initiatives have successfully increased
immunization coverage for various preventable diseases, including hepatitis, COVID-19,
influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. These strategies often
include patient education, reminders, and easier access to vaccines, which collectively enhance
vaccine uptake. Overall, the evidence suggests that implementing proactive, pharmacist-involved
programs can effectively address the gaps in pneumonia vaccination among vulnerable
populations, thereby reducing disease burden, hospitalizations, and healthcare costs.

Reference:
Pneumonia vaccination in at-risk diabetic and geriatric populations: A review of pharmacist
interventions. (n.d.-b). The Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (JAPhA).
https://www.japha.org/article/S1544-3191(25)00265-1/abstract